Radical chemistry in polymer science: an overview and recent advances

• Zixiao Wang,
• Feichen Cui,
• Yang Sui and
• Jiajun Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1580–1603, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.116

• employed technique for industrial production of polymeric materials, and other polymer synthesis involving a radical process. Post-polymerization modification, including polymer crosslinking and polymer surface modification, is the key process that introduces functionality and practicality to polymeric

• constantly acquire new inspirations from organic chemists. Dialogues on radical chemistry between the two communities will deepen the understanding of the two fields and benefit the humanity. Keywords: crosslinking; polymer surface modification; post-polymerization modification; radical chemistry; radical

• used in post-polymerization modification, including chemical crosslinking of polymers and polymer surface modification. Radicals are powerful tools for post-polymerization processes because of their exceptional reactivity. In contrast to the previous sections, we set the topic of section 4 on the

Mechanochemical synthesis of poly(trimethylene carbonate)s: an example of rate acceleration

• Sora Park and
• Jeung Gon Kim

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 963–970, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.93

• synthesis of poly(azomethine) and poly(phenylene) [11][12]. Our group also contributed to this area by developing a ball-milling promoted high-molecular weight poly(lactic acid) synthesis [13][14] and a solvent-free post-polymerization modification of functional polystyrenes [15]. The Friščić team also

Block copolymers from ionic liquids for the preparation of thin carbonaceous shells

• Sadaf Hanif,
• Bernd Oschmann,
• Dmitri Spetter,
• Muhammad Nawaz Tahir,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Rudolf Zentel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1693–1701, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.163

• chemistry by first introducing an active ester block, which can be easily substituted afterwards in a post-polymerization modification process. N-Acryloxysuccinimide (NAS, 3) was chosen as a reactive ester because of its tolerance towards trace amounts of water present in DMSO, which is required for the

• the hybrid material in batteries. Conclusion In conclusion, we were able to synthesize well-defined block copolymers containing a PIL block and a reactive ester block. Besides, we showed the post-polymerization modification of these polymers, while remaining the block copolymer structure and

• the post-polymerization modification step. a) Size-exclusion chromatography of P1A (blue), P2A (black) and P3A (red) and b) size-exclusion chromatography of P1C (blue), P2C (black) and P3C (red) in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). As expected, P2 shows a shift towards higher molecular weight, which

An economical and safe procedure to synthesize 2-hydroxy-4-pentynoic acid: A precursor towards ‘clickable’ biodegradable polylactide

• Quanxuan Zhang,
• Hong Ren and
• Gregory L. Baker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.139

• further post-polymerization modification of ω-chain end hydroxy groups [6][7][8]. Moreover, the appending functionalities along PLA backbones provide great opportunities for altering physical and/or chemical properties of PLAs. PLA with pendent functional groups can be achieved by ring-opening

• polymerization of functional lactide monomers, post-polymerization modification, or a combination of these two approaches. The appending hydroxy [9], carboxyl [10], poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [11][12][13][14], allyl [15], azido [16] and acetylene [17] functionalities on PLA backbones have been reported and

• offered great opportunities for covalent post-polymerization modification of PLAs. Among various functional groups, acetylene functionalized PLA has attracted much attention [17][18][19]. By having a single functional lactide monomer, it allows for facile placement of a broad range of pendant functional

End-labeled amino terminated monotelechelic glycopolymers generated by ROMP and Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition

• Ronald Okoth and
• Amit Basu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 608–612, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.66

• used to terminate polymers prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornenes bearing an activated ester. The terminating agent is a cis-butene derivative bearing a Teoc (2-trimethylsilylethyl carbamate) protected primary amine. Post-polymerization modification of the polymer was

• post-polymerization modification reaction. Post-polymerization modification of macromolecules by click reaction can be accomplished in two ways; (i) a macromolecule bearing alkyne groups is reacted with an azido-monomer or (ii) a macromolecule bearing azide groups is reacted with a monomer bearing a